Formulating a testing strategy is a fundamental element of the software testing process, defining the design and execution of tests. Our article introduces various types of testing strategies, their roles in the development cycle, and how they can enhance the efficiency of the testing process. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of how software testing strategies can be applied to improve software quality and optimize development processes.
What is a test strategy?
A test strategy is a high-level plan that outlines the entire software testing process. Its development aids in determining test coverage and the scope of testing. A well-crafted test strategy encompasses all components of the software testing process, from manual and automated testing to non-functional requirements, including performance and security testing.
Why is a testing strategy necessary?
- Ensures effectiveness and efficiency, as well as adherence to standards in software testing practices.
- Supports more efficient collaboration among members of the software testing team.
- Ensures that every member of the testing team is aligned with the project's goals and vision.
- Serves as a reference for resource planning.
- Enables efficient tracking of workflows.
Testing strategies you've likely heard of
The Hungarian Software Testing Council's ISTQB-based publication distinguishes seven types of software testing strategies. The first is analytical, based on the analysis of certain factors, such as requirements or risks. An example of the analytical approach is risk-based testing, where tests are designed and prioritized based on risk levels. Model-based software testing strategies are also included. In this approach, testing is designed based on models that reflect the product's required features, whether a function, a business process, the internal structure, or a non-functional characteristic like reliability. Business process models, state models, and reliability growth models are examples of this approach.
The methodical type systematically uses a set of predefined tests and test conditions, such as groups of common or likely fault types, a list of critical quality attributes, or corporate-level appearance and emotional expectations related to a website. The process or standard type of strategy involves analyzing, designing, and implementing tests based on external rules and standards, such as industry-specific standards, process documentation, or any other procedure or standard defined by the organization or imposed on it.
Common testing strategies in the market
The directed or consultative strategy should not be overlooked, as it is often encountered in the market. This test strategy primarily involves following various guidelines or instructions that may come from stakeholders, business area experts, or technology specialists. These professionals can be within the software testing team or external. The regression-avoidance testing strategy, aimed at preventing the deterioration of existing capabilities, is also noteworthy. The strategy includes reusing existing test cases and test data, extensive automation of regression tests, and standard test suites.
Contrary to the previously mentioned methods, the reactive strategy in software testing reacts to the essence of the component or system and events occurring during test execution rather than pre-planned activities. Tests are designed and conducted to be immediately executable based on knowledge gained from preliminary examination results. Exploratory testing is becoming an popular technique in the application of the reactive strategy.
How does testing translate into practice?
In practice, formulating a software testing strategy involves combining the aforementioned types. For example, risk-based testing (an analytical strategy) can be combined with exploratory testing (a reactive strategy). These complement each other, and their combined use can lead to more effective testing. Understanding and appropriately applying testing strategies are essential to the success of software development. These tools enable the optimization of testing processes, adherence to quality standards, and efficient collaboration among teams. By combining different strategies, software testing becomes more flexible and effective, contributing to the success of the project.